Freight networks play a crucial role in the global supply chain, facilitating the movement of goods across various modes of transportation, including road, rail, air, and maritime. These networks are characterized by their complexity and interconnectivity, often involving multiple stakeholders such as shippers, freight forwarders, carriers, and logistics providers. An efficient freight network minimizes transit times, reduces costs, and mitigates the impact of congestion and delays, which is essential for maintaining the flow of commerce in today's fast-paced economy. The rise of e-commerce has further intensified the demand for agile and responsive freight networks, leading to innovations in technology such as real-time tracking, data analytics, and automated warehousing. Additionally, sustainability concerns are prompting shifts toward greener transportation solutions, prompting logistics companies to invest in alternative fuel vehicles and optimize routes to lower emissions. As global trade continues to expand, the importance of resilient and adaptive freight networks cannot be overstated, as they are vital for connecting producers and consumers while ensuring the timely delivery of goods in an increasingly interconnected world.